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History of Chicago, Illinois:
The Chicago Area Was Inhabited Primarily By Potawatomis In The 1770s When The First Non-native Settler, Jean Baptiste Point Du Sable, A Haitian Of African Descent, Settled On The Banks Of The Chicago River. In 1795, The Area Of Chicago Was Ceded By The Native Americans In The Treaty Of Greenville To The United States For Use As A Military Post. In 1803, Fort Dearborn Was Built. It Was Destroyed In The Fort Dearborn Massacre During The War Of 1812, But Was Rebuilt In 1816 And Remained In Use Until 1837.
On August 12, 1833, The Town Of Chicago Was Incorporated As A Town With A Population Of 350. On March 4, 1837, Chicago Was Granted A City Charter By Illinois.
The Opening Of The Illinois And Michigan Canal In 1848 Allowed Shipping From The Great Lakes Through Chicago To The Mississippi River And So To The Gulf Of Mexico. The First Rail Line To Chicago, The Galena & Chicago Union Railroad, Was Also Completed In 1848. Chicago Would Go On To Become The Transportation Hub Of The United States With Its Road, Rail, And Water (and Later Air) Connections. Chicago Also Became Home To Nationwide Retailers Such As Montgomery Ward And Sears, Roebuck And Company That Offered Catalog Shopping Using These Connections.
In 1855, The Level Of The City Was Raised Four To Seven Feet, With Individual Buildings Jacked Up And Fill Brought In To Raise Streets Above The Swamp.
The 1860 Republican National Convention In Chicago Nominated Home-state Candidate Abraham Lincoln.
In 1871, Most Of The City Burned In The Great Chicago Fire. In The Following Years, Chicago Rebuilt Itself And Its Architecture Became Influential Throughout The World. The First Skyscraper Was Constructed In 1885 Using Novel Steel-skeleton Construction. Chicago's Resurgence Onto The World Scene Was Capped By The 1893 Chicago World's Fair.
The Chicago River's Direction Of Flow Was Reversed In 1900 To Prevent Sewage From Running Into Lake Michigan, The City's Water Source. Instead, The River Flowed Into The Chicago Sanitary And Ship Canal, And Eventually Into The Mississippi River.
On December 2, 1942, The World's First Controlled Nuclear Reaction Was Conducted At The University Of Chicago As Part Of The Top-secret Manhattan Project.
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