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History of Natchez, Mississippi:
The Site Of Natchez Is The Grand Ceremonial Village Of The Natchez Tribe (pronounced "Nochi"), Who Had Occupied The Site In A Culture That Was Unbroken Since The 8th Century, According To Archaeological Finds. Their Language, Natchez, Can Be Linked To The Muskogean Language Family, Indicating That The Natchez Probably Developed From Earlier Indigenous Cultures In The Lower Mississippi River Valley. Their Society Was Divided Into Nobles And Commoners According To Matrilineal Descent. The Natchez Chief, The "Great Sun" Owed His Position To The Rank Of His Mother.
The Flat-topped Ceremonial Mounds Built By The Natchez Show The Influence Of Moundbuilding Cultures To The North In The Middle Mississippi River Valley, And Ultimately The Stone Pyramid-building Cultures Of Middle America. At Natchez The Grand Village Of The Natchez Is Preserved As A National Historic Landmark, And Nearby Emerald Mound, An Earlier Ceremonial Center, May Be Seen Near The Natchez Trace Parkway [1] (http://mshistory.k12.ms.us/features/feature1/natchezindians.html).
In 1716 The French Founded Fort Rosalie, An Outpost In The Natchez Territory. The Fort's Inhabitants Often Found Themselves In Conflict With The Natchez, Who Were Influenced By British Agents And When Outright Warfare Erupted In November 1729, They Extirpated The Entire Indian Population. Dispersed Natchez Refugees Joined Other Tribes, Including The Chickasaws, Creeks, And Cherokees. Descendents Of The Natchez Diaspora Survive As The Natchez Nation, A Treaty Tribe And Confederate Of The Federally Recognized Muscogee (Creek) Nation With A Sovereign Traditional Government [2] (http://natcheznation.gq.nu/). Subsequently, Fort Rosalie, Which Was Renamed After The Extinguished Tribe, Spent Periods Under Spanish, And British Colonial Rule Before Being Ceded To The United States Under The Terms Of The Treaty Of Paris (1783).
In The Late 18th Century Natchez Became The End Point Of The Natchez Trace Overland Route, Which Ran From Nashville, Tennessee To Natchez Through What Is Now Tennessee, Alabama And Mississippi. Flatboatmen And Keelboatmen (locally Called "Kaintucks" Because They Were Usually From What Is Now Ohio, Kentucky, And Indiana) Who Floated Their Produce Downriver Often Sold Their Wares At Natchez, Including Their Boats As Lumber, Then Made The Trek Back North Overland.
In 1798, When The Mississippi Territory Was Created By The Adams Administration, Natchez Became Its Capital. After 19 Years As Territorial Capital, On 10 December 1817, Natchez Became The First Capital Of The State Of Mississippi. Though The Capital Was Shifted To The More Centrally Located Jackson, Over The Course Of The 19th Century, Natchez Became A Town Of Strategic Economic Importance, Due To Its Location On The Eastern Bank Of The Mississippi River. It Developed Into A Bustling Port For Steamboats Until The Early 1900s, When Railroad Transport Replaced Steamboats. At Natchez, Many Local Cotton Plantation Owners Loaded Their Cotton Onto Steamboats At The Landing Known As "Natchez-Under-the-Hill" And Transported Downriver To New Orleans Or Sometimes Upriver To Saint Louis, Missouri Or Cincinnati, Ohio, Where The Cotton Would Be Sold And Transported To Northern Spinning Mills.
The Terrain Around Natchez On The Mississippi Side Of The River Is Rather Hilly. The City Sits On A High Bluff Above The Mississippi River And In Order To Reach The Riverbank One Must Travel Down A Steep Road To The Landing Called Silver Street. This Is In Marked Contrast To The Flat Lowland Found Across The River Surrounding The City Of Vidalia, Louisiana. Natchez Is Known For Its Many Antebellum Mansions And Estates, Built By 19th Century Plantation Owners Who Would Often Own Farmland In Louisiana But Locate Their Homes On The Higher Ground In Mississippi. The City Of Natchez Boasts That Today It Has More Antebellum Houses Than Anywhere In The United States, Partly Due To The Fact That During The American Civil War Natchez Was Spared The Destruction Of Many Other Southern Cities, Such As Vicksburg. According To Legend, The Planter Population, Which Has Largely Disappeared Since The Early 19th Century, Once Made The City The Wealthiest In The United States.
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